![]() ![]() During extreme heat events, nighttime temperatures in the region’s big cities are generally several degrees higher than surrounding regions, leading to higher risk of heat-related death. Northeastern cities, with their abundance of concrete and asphalt and relative lack of vegetation, tend to have higher temperatures than surrounding regions due to the urban heat island effect. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Because of the diversity of the Northeast’s coastal landscape, the impacts from storms and sea level rise will vary at different locations along the coast. The warming trend experienced in the Northeast Continental Shelf has been associated with many fish and invertebrate species moving northward and to greater depths. Increasing temperatures and changing seasonality on the Northeast Continental Shelf have affected marine organisms and the ecosystem in various ways. 6 Observed and projected increases in temperature, acidification, storm frequency and intensity, and sea levels are of particular concern for coastal and ocean ecosystems, as well as local communities and their interconnected social and economic systems. These ecosystems support fishing and aquaculture, 5 tourism and recreation, and coastal communities. Ocean and coastal ecosystems are being affected by large changes in a variety of climate-related environmental conditions. 4 Monthly precipitation in the Northeast is projected to be about 1 inch greater for December through April by end of century (2070–2100) under the higher scenario (RCP8.5). ![]() Further increases in rainfall intensity are expected, 3 with increases in total precipitation expected during the winter and spring but with little change in the summer. 1 The recent dominant trend in precipitation throughout the Northeast has been towards increases in rainfall intensity, 2 with increases in intensity exceeding those in other regions of the contiguous United States. This natural landscape provides the economic and cultural foundation for many rural communities, which are largely supported by a diverse range of agricultural, tourism, and natural resource-dependent industries (see Ch. The distinct seasonality of the Northeast’s climate supports a diverse natural landscape adapted to the extremes of cold, snowy winters and warm to hot, humid summers. ![]()
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